Globalization and the problem of migration in the South Caucasus

Abstract

Globalization, with its positive characteristics and possibilities, represents a certain threat to small nations. Besides, that it causes fear of losing sovereignty and cultural identity in anti-globalists, in some states, it is radically changing the social environment. This article discusses one of these factors, migration, on the example of the countries of the South Caucasus. Globalization presented broader arena to human beings. The development of technological progress and transport infrastructure, as well as the simplified rule of crossing borders, have made it possible for job seekers to leave the countries. The problem is that,  mostly economically and reproductively active population are leaving Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan i.e. people, who shall create material well-being and demograohic stability for the state. The phenomenon known as the "brain drain" means that the country is losing the base of highly qualified specialists. All of the above-mentioned causes even lead to the aging of the nation.

It turned out that international emigration had become an irreversible process. In the case of Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, the same factors do not affect on migration processes, and countries have different policies in terms of keeping statistics and dealing with the problem.